Zhengzhou Yijiayi Trading Co., Ltd.

The use of straw fermentation in ruminants
Using straw and pasture as feed has mature technology in the United States, Japan, Canada, etc. Even in developed countries, the price of meat, poultry and eggs is almost as low as that in my country. Our country's annual output of various types of straw is about 100 million tons, which is used to make feed if there is insufficient straw. Another part is burned, and some is returned to the fields mechanically. Burning, in particular, causes great damage to natural resources. Now governments and farmers at all levels have begun to pay attention to the comprehensive utilization of straw. There are straws everywhere in rural areas across the country, and livestock and poultry are raised everywhere. The market potential for using straws as feed is huge. The feed is easy to make and low in cost. In rural areas, it can be made in front of and behind houses, idle houses, and fields all year round, reducing labor transportation, making it on the spot, and using it on the spot. It is a channel for farmers to get rich by saving feed and turning waste into treasure.
1. Principle of action
The principle of fermented straw feed is that through the growth and reproduction of effective microorganisms, the secreted acid will be greatly increased, and the xylan chains and lignin polymer ester chains in the straw will be enzymatically decomposed, prompting the straw to Softening, volume expansion, and conversion of lignocellulose into sugars. Continuous and repeated fermentation converts sugar into lactic acid and volatile fatty acids for a second time, reducing the value to . The starch, protein, cellulose and other organic matter contained in it are degraded into monosaccharides, disaccharides, amino acids and trace elements, making the feed softer, more fragrant and more palatable. Ultimately, the crude fiber that is not easily absorbed and utilized by animals is converted into nutrients that can be absorbed by animals, thereby improving the digestion, absorption and utilization rate of crude fiber by animals.
2. Efficacy and functions
The silage conversion rate is as high as silage, and the refined grains are saved. For every ton of silage consumed, dairy cows produce more kilograms of milk and beef cattle gain more kilograms of weight (compared to silage without product). Yellow storage can significantly increase the nutritional content of straw feed: crude protein and organic acids are increased by more than 100%, and vitamin B content is increased dozens of times. Dairy cows produce more than kilograms of milk, and beef cattle gain more than kilograms of weight (compared to conventional feeding without added products). Promote the improvement of meat and milk quality. The milk fat rate is increased, the protein content is increased 3, the fat is reduced, and the cholesterol content is reduced. It meets the green food standards and has strong market competitiveness.
, shorten the maturity time of straw feed silage and yellow silage, and improve the storage quality of feed.
, improve the palatability of the feed, the feed texture is soft and has a mellow, sour and fruity aroma, the feed intake is increased, and the feed intake speed is increased by more than 10%. Animals develop a hobby for the microbial protein amino acids, lactobacilli and yeasts, just like the ingredients in amino acid oral liquid, yogurt and beer consumed by humans, and like to eat them.
, significantly increases the nutritional content of feed, increases the softness and swelling degree of straw, enables rumen microorganisms to directly contact cellulose, and improves the digestibility of straw. Feeding micro-stored feed to cattle and sheep can increase the lipolytic enzyme activity of cellulase in the rumen microflora of cattle and sheep, and promote the production of volatile fatty acids. Volatile fatty acids can provide a carbon framework for the synthesis of microbial protein. Propionic acid is an important grape precursor for ruminant livestock.
, improve feed digestion and absorption utilization, improve production performance, contain a variety of beneficial microbial live bacteria, establish a microecological balance in the animal intestines, animals can fully absorb and utilize the feed nutrients, and can make protein, energy, minerals The material utilization rate is high, which greatly improves the absorption and utilization rate of crude fiber feed (straw, chaff powder, bran), so it can reduce feed costs, and long-term use can save - feed.
Improve immunity, prevent and treat intestinal diseases, establish intestinal microecological balance, inhibit the reproduction of harmful bacteria, and increase the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms.
, deodorize and repel flies, reduce pollution, control bacterial diseases, reduce the excretion of nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium in feces, reduce fecal odor and harmful gas emissions, manifested as the gradual reduction of animal feces odor and reduce Feed protein is decomposed into ammonia waste, the ammonia concentration in the air drops to ., and the odor intensity drops below .
, Improve the quality of meat and milk, use live microbial preparations to replace antibiotics to produce green meat and antibiotic-free milk.
3. Fermentation method
Fermentation raw materials: various crop straws, leaves and weeds, melons and vines, fruit pomace, dry bagasse, chaff powder, bran, edible fungus residue, chicken manure and other waste.
Preparation of bacterial solution
Strain activation: Calculate the required number of strains based on the total amount of straw, and then use twice as much warm water (the water temperature is about 3 degrees, add a little sugar if possible) for an hour of resurrection .
Preparation of bacterial liquid: Add the resurrected bacterial liquid to water, stir well and set aside. The amount of water used is: the moisture content of the straw is -, the water replenishment is about kilograms per ton of straw, the moisture content of the straw is up and down, the water replenishment is about kilograms per ton, the moisture content of the straw is up and down (yellow storage), the water replenishment is about kilograms per ton. (Yellow storage tons of wheat straw and rice straw: kg of salt, 3 kg of water. Yellow storage of tons of corn straw: kg of salt, kg of water)
, cellar installation
Calculation of layers: Calculation based on the thickness of each layer of 3 cm A cellar is divided into several layers, and the weight of straw in each layer is predicted to allocate the amount of bacterial liquid required for each layer. (The weight of each layer of straw, the specific gravity of dry straw, the area in the cellar, and the thickness of each layer of compaction. The specific gravity of corn straw: kg/cubic meter, the specific gravity of wheat straw: kg/cubic meter)
Layered cellar installation: filled with crushed straw. Install the cellar with a thickness of 3 cm per layer. If the straw is stored yellow, add cornmeal or bran powder equal to the weight of the straw in each layer. Straw length - cm.
Spray the bacterial solution in layers: use a watering can and ladle to spray in small cellars, and use a small water pump to spray in large cellars.
Layered compaction: manual compaction for small scales and tractor compaction for large scales.
, seal the cellar, and ferment
Pack it until it is .3 meters higher than the flat mouth of the cellar. The roof of the cellar is in the shape of a steamed bun, and a layer of fine salt is evenly sprinkled on the top in grams per square meter, and then sealed with a plastic film, and insulation measures can be added on top. The cellar can be opened and used within one day at room temperature. (The fermentation time can be extended in winter)
4. Quality identification
Color: The color of good-quality silage and yellow silage is basically close to the color of the raw materials before silage and yellow silage. The color of medium-quality silage and yellow silage is Brown and dark green low-quality silage and yellow silage are black, dark, and dark green in color.
Smell: Good-quality silage and yellow silage have obvious sour aroma, mellow aroma, and fruity aroma, giving people a very comfortable feeling. Medium-quality silage and yellow silage have no obvious sour aroma and have a particularly strong acetic acid smell. Low-quality silage and yellow silage have a strong rancid smell.
Feel: Good quality silage and yellow silage are pressed firmly, but very loose in the hand. The texture is soft and moist. Poor quality silage and yellow silage stick together, like mud, or the texture is soft and moist. Loose, dry, rough and hard, with little change in physical properties.
5. Retrieving materials
When retrieving materials, take them section by section from top to bottom, from the head (outer) to the inner layer.
After taking the materials, the cellar entrance must be sealed tightly.
6. Feeding
Fermented straw feed is not a fully nutritious feed. When feeding, all fermented straw feed cannot be used. Other concentrated feeds that provide nutrients should be added. According to different animals and different growth stages , the supplementary feeding amount of straw fermented feed is shown in the table below (for reference only)
Feeding amount of livestock types (kg/day moisture meter)
Dairy cows -
Beef cattle -
Draft Cattle -
Sheep
Horses, donkeys -
Every time you feed feed, the trough is required to be clean. When using straw biological feed in winter, it should be added less often, and it can also be mixed with dry grass. Feed to prevent cold and freezing.
Silage and yellow silage of poor quality cannot be fed.
When formulating the diet, the salt content in the straw feed should be deducted.
When feeding silage and yellow silage, drinking water should be added frequently.
7. Storage and Transportation
This product should be stored in a cool, dry, ventilated and dark place, and should be avoided from being stored and transported together with toxic substances.
8. Shelf life
The shelf life is months under the above storage and transportation conditions.
B. Use in monogastric animals
Our country is a major agricultural and food country with extremely rich roughage resources. It is a huge waste if various food residues and agricultural wastes cannot be comprehensively utilized. Residues from various food factories are rich in nutrients and have great economic benefits after being processed. There are mature technologies for using straw and pasture as feed in the United States, Japan, Canada, etc. Even in developed countries, the price of meat, poultry and eggs is almost as low as that in my country. Our country's annual output of various types of straw is about 100 million tons, which is used to make feed if there is insufficient straw. Another part is burned, and some is returned to the fields mechanically. Burning, in particular, causes great damage to natural resources. Now governments and farmers at all levels have begun to pay attention to the comprehensive utilization of straw. There are straws everywhere in rural areas across the country, and livestock and poultry are raised everywhere. The market potential for using straws as feed is huge